Lap joint prepared roofing



G. A. FASOLD ETAL LA? JOINT PREPARED ROFING July' 1, 1947.

Filed sept.. 1B. 1944 2 sheets-sheet I N VEN TORS Gange A. Fosa/d BY /d/f'/v Xlr/fooi July l, 1947. s. A. FAsoLD ET AL.

LAP JOINT PREPARED ROOFING File sept. 1e, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ei 1G15 prepared asphalt :z;.Thus, in U. S. Pa

Patented July 1, .1,9471Y umrso STATES-'PATENT oFFicE j George A. Fasold,

Mount Healthy, and Walton V. Leibrook, Hamilton, Ohio,

assignors to The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Application September 18, 1944, Serial No. 556,1ti

1 Claim. v(Cl. 10S-7) pertains to roofing comprising shingles or units laid in overlying and underlying courses with the adjacent shingles or units in the courses overlapped at the side edges ofI the weather exposed tabs in order to provide maximum coverage for the rooideck by the rooiing of the weather-exposed joints between adjacent shingles or units.

This invention The invention, while adapted `generally for prepared asphalt shingles 0r units of other asphalt compositions, is particularly useful for shingles or units made iny accordance `with U. S. Patents 2,326,723 and 2,326,724 which have` high lire-resistant qualities and are constructedto withstand certain lire tests of the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.

ent 2,326,723 it is disclosed that-shingles embodying theinvention of that patent can be made such that when applied so as to provide twolayers (double coverage of the roof deck)the roof covering will successfully pass the Y class B fire retardant tests prescribed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Furthermore, if the re retardant shingles madein accordance with the above mentioned patent are applied so as to provide a three layer covering on the roof deck, the roof covering will successfully withstand the most severe fire retardant tests prescribed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., namely, the class A re retardant tests. The re retardant shingles embodying the invention of the above mentioned patent are of about the same weight as ordinary asphalt shingles now on the market and can be made at no higher cost. The minimum weight of iire retardant bituminous coating material carried by fire-resistant roofing material made in accordance with the above mentioned patient is prescribed as pounds per 10,0 square fee Tests made by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. have revealed that the most vulnerable area, in any lshingle type roof covering, in respect to failure in their lire retardant testsjis at the vertical side joints where the adjacent shingles in a course are adjacent. In a two layer covering, forexample, there is` in this joint area only a single layer of continuous covering, with a second layer that is discontinuous at the joint and which therefore does not provide coverage and protection so only two complete layers and the third layer (the weather-exposed layer) contains the joints. The

fp'resent invention is Vaddressed to eliminating this it/ealsness-oi shingle roof coverings and provid-.

ing an extra layer of covering material in the joint area by lapping the side edges of the shingles in a course.

When the adjacent shingles or units of a course are laid in abutting or spaced-apart relation, there necessarily are joint spaces therebetween.

prising the roofing in Fig.

t 2 The edges oi adjacent shingles are seldom true and do not contact throughout the length of the joint even if they are laid in abutting relation. As a result, there are joint spaces of varying widths between adjacent shingles, depending upon how closely the shingles 4are laid edge to edge in the courses. Even where the adjacent shingles are closely laid in abutting relation, it has been the usual practice to cut away a side edge portion of the weather exposed tabs to simulate wider spacing of the shingles as in the laying of wood shingles. Such cutting away of the shingle removes material and increases the width of the spaces and wcakem their lire resistance. The spaces also provide a flue or draft channel, and in addition to the fact that less coverage is obtained at the joints, the joints are the weakest and most vulnerable points both as to weather l covering, full double coverage at the joints as well v.asat least double coverage in the rest of the area resulting from the lapping of the courses. In this case,` the joint has actually triple covering of roofing material. courses withsuflicient weather exposure to prov ide a roofing of triple coverage, there will be four layers of roofing material at the joint except in the embodiment Where the side edge of the shingle is provided with a notch, in which case there 1s `triple coveragein the notch area. In other words,

there will be one more layer of roofing material at the joints rather than one fore `for a rooiing having two or more layers resulting from application as overlying and underlying courses. v Y

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to the` accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a section of roofing emrbodying the invention with the shingles applied to provide two layers of covering;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the shingles comprsing the roofing in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a section of a modiiled form of roofing with the shingles applied to provide'two layers of covering;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of one of the shingles com- Fig. 5 is a plan view of a section of another modified form of roofing with the shingles applied to provide two layers of covering;l and Fig. 6 is a plan view of one of the shingles comprising the roong in Fig. 5.

Referring `to the drawings in which like nu,-

With the shingles laid in less layer as heretomerals are used to designate like parts. numeral 2 .(Flgs. 1 and 2) designates a section ci.' roong composed of asphalt shingles 3- laid in overlying and underlying courses 4 with one of the side margins 5 of the shingles lapped with the opponail may serve to secure opposite sides of the shingle to the roof deck. The nailing is placed in the area which is to be covered by the overlying course in order to protect and conceal the nailing.

A starting course (not shown) of the same type of shingles may be used for the first or eave course, and in the starting course the shingles may be abutted or lapped in the same manner as the other shingles, above shown. The shingle shown is what'is known as a 12 inch individual shingle; and a starting course may be provided by double layers in the eave or bottom course or cutting the shingle into smaller units for a starting course beneath the bottom or eave course. i,

The shingles are laid in courses with a weather exposure of about four to six inches so that no less than double layer coverage is provided at all points and Itriple layer coverage at-the lap joints.

bility it is preferable that there be no less than triple coverage at al1 -points of the roof covering and for three layer covering the starting or eave course should be applied so -as to provide triple coverage in all layers down to the eave. With three layer application of the shingles there r are four layers of roong material vin the lapped joint area.

Figs. 3 and 4 show overlying and'underlying extension I3` overlapped. Except within the area of the notch or cut-out, the lap edges provide triple coverage. y The notch or cut-out is formed above the weather-exposed portion oi.' the shingle and thus is covered l by the weather-exposed tab oi' an overlying course. Nailing means 'I is provided as in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2.

Figs. 5 and 6 show overlying and Iunderlying courses 4b composed of shingles 3b having an 'extension I 1 formed on one marginal side edge of the weather-exposed tab. The extension extends above the weather-exposed tab in'order that a lap joint may be provided throughout between adjacent weather-exposed tabs and a slight distance thereabove to allow nailing in the lap joint above the weather-exposed portions.

The rooilng, -as above4 stated, is one comprising underlying and overlying courses oi.' shingles or like units with weather exposure of the courses such that no less than double coverage throughout is obtained, and is not to be confused with a l For maximum nre resistance and weather dura- 4 ing which provides a, roofing layer of single thickness except for double thickness at th'e lapped joints.

It will be seen that all of the abovetypes of shingles are ofa construction to provide lap joints throughout between the weather-exposed tabs of adjacent shingles. Lap joints may or may not be provided between adjacent shingles-above the weather-exposed tabs. Some of the disclosed types of shingles provide for this if desired. It is important that lap joints be provided between the weather-exposed tabs of adjacent 4shingles to afford iin-proved ilre retardant properties and enhanced weather durability.

'I'he 12 inch shingles usually are laid with a five inch tab exposure in order to obtain double coverage throughout and have triple coverage at the lapped portions. Wit-h a i'our inch or less tab exposure, triple coverage throughoutcan be obtained.

For triple coverage, however 16 inch long shingles are usually employed and laid with a ilve inch exposure. A starting course with six inch' shingles is ilrst laid. 'Ihis isoverlaid with another course oi 11 inch shingles, and then a layer of 16 inch shingles is overlaid for the eave course,

as shown in the drawings, and Ithen the other `A course is laid with a ve inch exposureK f We have found that shingles embodying the present invention are better able to withstand the iire retardant tests prescribed by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. by reason of the additional protection afforded to the vulnerable areas by the llapped joints of the side edges of the weather-v exposed tabs oi the shingles. Thus, shingles made in accordance with U. S. Patent 2,326,723,

s'heet`roong such as ordinary asphalt roll roof-y y but which are too light'in Weight or which have too thin a coating of the fire-'resistant coating composition to pass the class B test for a two layer covering or the class A test for a three layer covering when. applied in the usual manner, are enabled to pass these tests successfully when the shingles are constructed and applied in the manner disclosed in this application. We claim: I

A prepared asphalt rooting comprising overlying and underlying courses of highly ilre resistant` ilat shingles which have head lap portions laid with the side edges in abutting relation and have weather exposed portions wider than the head lap portions to provide side lap joints between adjacent shingles and extending into the head lap portions, and nailing means applied to the side' lap joints in the por-tions which extend into the head lap. l

GEORGE A. FASOLD. WALTON V. LEIBROOK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 91,744 Topping Mar. 13, 1934 1,460,795- Harshberger July 3, 1923 1,496,336 Ennis June 3, 1924 1,962,613 Payne June 12, 1934 2,106,396 Topping Jan. 25, 1938 2,284,705 Wickersham June 2, 1942 

